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Antibiotic treatments in zootechnology and effects induced on the food chain

Antibiotics are largely employed in zootechnical feed to preserve human and animal species from zoonosis due pathogenic infective agents. Due to the increasing number of pathologies related to diet (e.g. food intolerances), we investigated the toxic effects induced by antibiotics residues.

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Oxytetracycline-Protein Complex: The Dark Side Of Pet Food

Worldwide antibiotic abuse represents a huge burden, which can have a deep impact on pet and human health through nutrition and medicalization representing another way of antibiotic resistance transmission. We aimed our research to determine a possible complex formation between biological bone substrates, such as proteins, and oxytetracycline (OTC)

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Nutrition: From the First Medicine to the First Poison

Severe adverse reactions of the organism to environmental elements have been dizzily rising in humans and pets over the last 50 years. Such reactions can be expulsive (vomit, diarrhea, dandruff, and abundant secretion or excretion) or driven by an inflammatory process (which has been considered as healing process) in charge to destroy every toxic introduced into the body.

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Cytotoxic effects of oxytetracycline residues in the bones of broiler chickens following therapeutic oral administration of a water formulation

Tetracyclines, which represent one of the most commonly used antibiotics for poultry, are known to be deposited in bones, where they can remain, despite the observation of appropriate withdrawal times. The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of oxytretracycline (OTC) residues in the bone and muscle of chickens, following the oral administration of a commercially available liquid formulation, and to test their cytotoxic effects on an in vitro cell culture model.

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Toxicological Implications and Inflammatory Response in Human Lymphocytes Challenged with Oxytetracycline

Antibiotics are widely used in zoo technical and veterinary practices as feed supplementation to ensure wellness of farmed animals and livestock. Several evidences have been suggesting both the toxic role for tetracyclines, particularly for oxytetracycline (OTC). This potential toxicity appears of great relevance for human nutrition and for domestic animals.

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Oxytetracycline induces DNA damage and epigenetic changes: a possible risk for human and animal health?

Oxytetracycline (OTC), which is largely employed in zootechnical and veterinary practices to ensure wellness of farmed animals, is partially absorbed within the gastrointestinal tract depositing in several tissues. Therefore, the potential OTC toxicity is relevant when considering the putative risk derived by the entry and accumulation of such drug in human and pet food chain supply.

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Mechanical phenotyping of K562 cells by the Micropipette Aspiration Technique allows identifying mechanical changes induced by drugs

Mechanical properties of living cells can be used as reliable markers of their state, such as the presence of a pathological state or their differentiation phase. The mechanical behavior of cells depends on the organization of their cytoskeletal network and the main contribution typically comes from the actomyosin contractile system, in both suspended and adherent cells. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a pharmaceutical formulation (OTC – Ossitetraciclina liquida 20%) used as antibiotic, on the mechanical properties of K562 cells by using the Micropipette Aspiration Technique (MAT).

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In Vitro Effects of Some Botanicals with Anti-Inflammatory and Antitoxic Activity

Several extrinsic factors, like drugs and chemicals, can foster autoimmunity. Tetracyclines, in particular oxytetracycline (OTC), appear to correlate with the emergence of immune-mediated diseases. Accumulation of OTC, the elective drug for gastrointestinal and respiratory infectious disease treatment in broiler chickens, was reported in chicken edible tissues and could represent a potential risk for pets and humans that could assume this antibiotic as residue in meat or in meat-derived byproducts. We investigated the in vitro anti-inflammatory properties of a pool of thirteen botanicals as a part of a nutraceutical diet, with proven immunomodulatory activity.

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Association between Body Condition and Oxidative Status in Dogs

Oxidative Stress (OS) is considered an underlying mechanism by which dysfunctional metabolism occurs in obese subjects but there are still very few studies in canine species. The purpose of this study was to evaluate simultaneously the effects of diet on body weight, oxidative and inflammatory status in a group of 12 adult dogs.

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A Case of Canine Dermal Melanoma: A Nutraceutical Approach

The aim of this work was to evaluate the possible beneficial effects of a nutraceutical diet on a careless dermal melanoma in an elderly dog. Hemato-biochemical and metabolic parameters as well as clinical symptoms evaluations were performed to monitor the possible improvements of the clinical picture of the dog following a nutraceutical diet supplementation.

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Clinical evaluation of a nutraceutical diet as an adjuvant to pharmacological treatment in dogs affected by Keratoconjunctivitis sicca

Canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca (cKCS) is an inflammatory eye condition related to a deficiency in the tear aqueous fraction. Etiopathogenesis of such disease is substantially multifactorial, combining the individual genetic background with environmental factors that contribute to the process of immunological tolerance disruption and, as a consequence, to the emergence of autoimmunity disease. In this occurrence, it is of relevance the role of the physiological immune-dysregulation that results in immune-mediated processes at the basis of cKCS.

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An immune-modulating diet increases the regulatory T cells and reduces T helper 1 inflammatory response in Leishmaniosis affected dogs treated with standard therapy

Clinical appearance and evolution of Canine Leishmaniosis (CL) are the consequence of complex interactions between the parasite and the genetic and immunological backgrounds. We investigated the effect of an immune-modulating diet in CL. Dogs were treated with anti- Leishmania pharmacological therapy combined with standard diet (SD Group) or with the immune-modulating diet (IMMD Group).

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Clinical evaluation of an antiinflammatory and antioxidant diet effect in 30 dogs affected by chronic otitis externa: preliminary results

The aim of this evaluation study was to assess the possible role of a specific nutraceutical diet in relieving main clinical symptoms of chronic bilateral otitis externa (occlusion of ear canal, erythema, discharge quantity, and odor) in 30 adult dogs.

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MULTICENTRIC STUDY: The nutritional solution of recurring chronic otitis in dogs

The purpose of this study is to assess the role performed by this special diet with FORZA10 Oto Active on dogs with chronic or recurring otitis; this product is based on fish and is supplemented with standardized, titrated phytotherapic active principles. The effectiveness of the diet was tested by means of a 30-day dietary trial. The results were based on specific clinical protocols developed and completed by 96 veterinary surgeons in Italy.

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Rapid Resolution of Large Bowel Diarrhea after the Administration of a Combination of a High-Fiber Diet and a Probiotic Mixture in 30 Dogs

Canine fiber responsive diarrhea is a form of chronic colitis that improves clinically after adding fiber to the diet. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a combination of a high-fiber, highly digestible, hypoallergenic diet with a probiotic mixture in 30 dogs with chronic colitis that were unresponsive to various dietary and/or pharmacological interventions. Fecal scores, canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity index (CCECAI) scores, the dysbiosis index (DI), and histologic images of colonic biopsies were evaluated.

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Clinical study on the effectiveness of INTESTINAL COLON FASE1

Intestinal Colon Fase1 is the dietary food studied by Dr. Graziano Pengo in collaboration with the SANYpet Research and Development centre, with the aim of providing a nutritional asset to use in the case of chronic colitis, enteritis and enterocolitis. The innovative composition of Intestinal Colon Fase1 also helps to improve the physiological defensive mechanisms of the lower digestive tract and the general condition of dogs. The clinical trials were carried out on 206 dogs of different breed, size and age. Clinical-symptom assessment of the health conditions of each of the patients was carried out.

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MULTICENTRIC STUDY: The nutritional solution of gastro-intestinal pathologies

The aim of this study is to evaluate the role carried out by FORZA10 Intestinal Active, based on fish, brown rice and supplemented with titrated and standardized phytotherapeutic active ingredients, on dogs affected by gastro-intestinal pathologies and without the use of pharmacologic therapy. The effectiveness of the diet was tested through a dietetic trial period lasting 30 days. The results were based on specific clinical protocols developed and completed by 46 veterinary surgeons in Italy.

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Clinical study on the efficacy of INTESTINAL COLON FASE 1 with Lamb and White Sorghum

INTESTINAL COLON FASE 1 with Lamb and White Sorghum is the complete and balanced diet studied by the FORZA10 Research and Development Centre in collaboration with Dr. Graziano Pengo, with the aim of providing an alternative nutritional tool to the other products of the INTESTINAL COLON FASE 1 line, in case of malabsorption or in compensating for poor digestion.

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Behavioral Disturbances: An Innovative Approach to Monitor the Modulatory Effects of a Nutraceutical Diet

In dogs, diets are often used to modulate behavioral disturbances related to chronic anxiety and stress caused by intense and restless activity. However, the traditional ways to monitor behavioral changes in dogs are complicated and not efficient. In the current clinical evaluation, a new, simple monitoring system was used to assess the effectiveness of a specific diet in positively modulating the intense and restless activity of 24 dogs of different ages and breeds.

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Effects in dogs with behavioural disorders of a commercial nutraceutical diet on stress and neuroendocrine parameters

The well-being of dogs can be affected by changes in human lifestyle, eating habits and increased stressors that lead to behavioural disorders including fear, hyperactivity and anxiety, followed by negative affective moods and poor welfare. This randomised, controlled clinical evaluation involved 69 dogs, 38 males and 31 females, of different breeds, with behavioural disorders related to anxiety and chronic stress.

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An Antioxidant Dietary Supplement Improves Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels in Serum of Aged Dogs: Preliminary Results

Biological aging is characterized by a progressive accumulation of oxidative damage and decreased endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms. The production of oxidants by normal metabolism damages proteins, lipids, and nucleotides, which may contribute to cognitive impairment. In this study 36 dogs were randomly divided into four groups and fed croquettes of different compositions for 6 months.

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Clinical Evaluation of a Nutraceutical Diet as an Adjuvant to Pharmacological Treatment in Dogs Affected by Epiphora

Epiphora is defined as tear overflow due to impaired tear drainage by way of the nasolacrimal duct. We evaluated a combined therapeutic approach for epiphora based on drug and a commercially available nutraceutical diet administration over a 30 days period in dogs poorly responsive or unresponsive to the immune-suppressive treatment alone.

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Effects of FORZA10 on conjunctival inflammation

Nutritional therapy with a FORZA10 diet containing fish, ginseng and pineapple was effective in reducing ocular and/or dermatological inflammatory symptoms. In fact, there was a significant reduction in the inflammatory component and itching. These results were most evident in animals with ocular symptoms associated with a diffuse dermatological picture. Subjects with ocular discharge and concomitant conjunctivitis responded better to dietary therapy than those with epiphora as the only symptom. Reintroduction of the usual diet led to a recurrence of symptoms within three days in almost all cases. The first symptom to return was always periocular or diffuse itching, and in a minority of subjects, ocular discharge.

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Therapeutic Effectiveness of a Dietary Supplement for Management of Halitosis in Dogs

We describe a simple approach for diagnosis of halitosis in dogs as well as a dietary approach for its management. In this randomized placebo-controlled crossover clinical evaluation, we assessed the effectiveness of a dedicated dietary supplement to improve chronic halitosis in 32 dogs of different breeds and ages.

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MULTICENTRIC STUDY: The nutritional solution of pathologies of the oral cavity and upper respiratory system

The aim of the following research was to evaluate the effectiveness of FORZA10 Oral Active based on fish as the single source of protein, to which phytotherapeutic titrated and standardized principles (Blackcurrant , Sage, Thyme, Egg White Lysozyme, Propolis, Bioflavonoids and Vitamin C) were added for 104 dogs with chronic halitosis. The effectiveness of the diet was tested through a dietetic trial which lasted 10 days. The results were obtained by using specific clinical protocols developed and completed by 84 veterinarians in Italy.

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A nutraceutical diet based on Lespedeza spp., Vaccinium macrocarpon and Taraxacum officinale improves spontaneous feline chronic kidney disease

In cats, chronic kidney disease can frequently occur in animals aged over 9 years with an incidence of approximately 10%. Thirty-four client-owned, neutered cats, suffering from stage II-III chronic kidney disease and diagnosed according to the International Renal Interest Society guidelines were randomly assigned to receive either a control diet (n = 17) or a nutraceutical diet (ND; n = 17) for 90 days.

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Nutraceutical approach for struvite uroliths management in cats

Urolithiasis accounts for 15% to 23% of cases of feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD), with struvite uroliths occurring more frequently, followed by calcium oxalate, ammonium urate, cystine, and xanthine calculi. In this clinical evaluation, we tested the efficacy of a commercially available nutraceutical diet in 33 cats affected by struvite uroliths.

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MULTICENTRIC STUDY: The nutritional solution of dermatological problems

The aim of this study is to evaluate the role carried out by FORZA10 Dermo Active, based on fish and potato, supplemented with titrated and standardized phytotherapeutic active ingredients, on dogs affected by dermatitis and without the use of pharmacologic therapy. The effectiveness of the diet was tested through a dietetic trial period lasting 20 days. The results were based on specific clinical protocols developed and completed by 50 veterinary surgeons in Italy.

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Hypospermia Improvement in Dogs Fed on a Nutraceutical Diet

Male dog infertility may represent a serious concern in the canine breeding market. The aim of this clinical evaluation was to test the efficacy of a commercially available nutraceutical diet, enriched with Lepidium meyenii, Tribulus terrestris, L-carnitine, zinc, omega-3 (N-3) fatty acids, beta-carotene, vitamin E, and folic acid, in 28 male dogs suffering from infertility associated with hypospermia. All dogs received the diet over a period of 100 days.

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Serum concentration dynamic of energy homeostasis hormones, leptin, insulin, thyroid hormones, and cortisol throughout canine pregnancy and lactation

Pregnancy and lactation represent critical periods of canine reproductive life and different hormones are required to maintain homeostasis and the correct energy requirements. The aim of this study was to evaluate leptin, insulin, triiodotyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4) and cortisol serum concentrations to better describe the canine maternal energy metabolism. Twelve Bloodhound female that had at least one litter and were considered to be healthy submitted blood samples every 15 days starting from day 0 (ovulation) throughout pregnancy up to the end of lactation (day 120).

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A possible correlation between diet, serum oxytetracycline concentration, and onset of reproductive disturbances in bitches: clinical observations and preliminary results

Based on the increase of food-related disturbances in animals and the recent findings concerning the toxicity of oxytetracycline (OTC) presence within pet food, we compared the effectiveness of two commercially available diets in 36 bitches suffering from reproductive disturbances. We ran a randomized clinical evaluation over a 90-day period.

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Plasma Fatty Acid Profiles During the First Year in Dogs with and without Hip Dysplasia: Preliminary Results

At the Military Veterinary Center of Grossetto, where operative dogs from the Italian Army are raised and trained, more than 70 % of the discharges for unfitness are due to articular pathologies like hip and elbow dysplasia. The aim of this study was to investigate fatty acid metabolism of dogs during the growth phase, and its modulation by a fish-based diet. Only 2 out of the 32 subjects were affected by articular pathologies during the study.

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Effect of a commercially available fish-based dog food enriched with nutraceuticals on hip and elbow dysplasia in growing Labrador retrievers

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of hip and elbow dysplasia in a group of growing Labrador retrievers fed a fish-based diet enriched with nutraceuticals with chondroprotective properties. The puppies ranged from 3 to 12 mo of age and were divided into 2 groups, each fed a different diet. The control diet consisted of a high quality, chicken-based dog food, while the test diet was a fish-based dog food, enriched with nutraceuticals.

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Adverse food reactions in dogs due to antibiotic residues in pet food: a preliminary study

In the last decades, adverse food reactions have increased considerably in dogs and cats. In this study we report on the possible onset of food intolerances symptoms, including otitis, diarrhoea, generalised anxiety, and dermatitis in a cohort of 8 dogs consuming commercial diets. All dogs received an organic chicken-based diet for 15 days. We performed analysis of blood biochemical parameters, kibble composition, and oxytetracycline (OTC) serum concentration before and after 15 days of organic chicken-based diet supplementation.

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Clinical efficacy of nutraceutical diet for cats with clinical signs of cutaneus adverse food reaction (CAFR)

Food allergies and food intolerances are clinically difficult to discriminate. Most often, along with cutaneous adverse food reactions or CAFR, they are classified as adverse food reactions, whose causes are numerous, including toxic compounds. Eighteen indoor-housed domestic cats with evident clinical symptoms related to CAFR (drooling, back and neck intense itching, neck eczema, chronic conjunctivitis and stomatitis) involving skin lesions were studied.

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Functional foods in pet nutrition: Focus on dogs and cats

Functional foods provide health benefits if they are consumed on a regular basis as part of a varied diet. In this review, we discuss the availability and role of functional foods in pet nutrition with a focus on dogs and cats. Indeed functional foods modify gastrointestinal physiology, promote changes in biochemical parameters, improve brain functions and may reduce or minimize the risk to develop specific pathologies. This evidence derives largely from clinical studies while only limited evidence from studies in dogs and cats is available.

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Superfood and Functional Food - An Overview of Their Processing and Utilization

Functional foods provide health benefits if they are consumed on regular basis. Some nutraceutical pet diets have been demonstrated to exert health benefits in vitro and in vivo while also exhibiting palatability to the animals. The aim of this chapter is to provide an overall update of commercially available pet diets with proven efficacy against pathologies with an inflammatory background.

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